Editorially, see clause 4.2.

A primitive value is a datum that is represented directly at the lowest level of the language implementation.

An object is a collection of properties and has a single prototype object. The prototype may be null.

The value of a constructor's "prototype" property is a prototype object that is used to implement inheritance and shared properties.

When a constructor creates an object, that object implicitly references the constructor's "prototype" property for the purpose of resolving property references. The constructor's "prototype" property can be referenced by the program expression constructor.prototype, and properties added to an object's prototype are shared, through inheritance, by all objects sharing the prototype. Alternatively, a new object may be created with an explicitly specified prototype by using the Object.create built-in function.

Any object that is not an ordinary object is an exotic object.

Standard built-in objects are defined in this specification. An ECMAScript implementation may specify and supply additional kinds of built-in objects.

There are only two Boolean values, true and false.

A Boolean object is created by using the Boolean constructor in a new expression, supplying a Boolean value as an argument. The resulting object has an internal slot whose value is the Boolean value. A Boolean object can be coerced to a Boolean value.

A String value is a member of the String type. Each integer value in the sequence usually represents a single 16-bit unit of UTF-16 text. However, ECMAScript does not place any restrictions or requirements on the values except that they must be 16-bit unsigned integers.

A String object is created by using the String constructor in a new expression, supplying a String value as an argument. The resulting object has an internal slot whose value is the String value. A String object can be coerced to a String value by calling the String constructor as a function (22.1.1.1).

A Number value is a member of the Number type and is a direct representation of a number.

A Number object is created by using the Number constructor in a new expression, supplying a Number value as an argument. The resulting object has an internal slot whose value is the Number value. A Number object can be coerced to a Number value by calling the Number constructor as a function (21.1.1.1).

In addition to its properties, a function contains executable code and state that determine how it behaves when invoked. A function's code may or may not be written in ECMAScript.

Examples of built-in functions include parseInt and Math.exp. A host or implementation may provide additional built-in functions that are not described in this specification.

Examples of built-in constructors include Object and Function. A host or implementation may provide additional built-in constructors that are not described in this specification.

Depending upon the form of the property the value may be represented either directly as a data value (a primitive value, an object, or a function object) or indirectly by a pair of accessor functions.

When a function is called as a method of an object, the object is passed to the function as its this value.

Standard built-in methods are defined in this specification. A host or implementation may provide additional built-in methods that are not described in this specification.